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bukidnon by Filipino Santos |
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Bukidnon is a province on a rich tableland in Central Mindanao which rises abruptly to a height of 900 ft above sea level. It is composed of seven plateaus of varying heights separated by seven deep canyons and three valleys. It encompasses a total area of 8,293.78 km2 or 955,455 hectares of land. The climate of Bukidnon is cool and invigorating with an annual mean temperature of 74? F or 23.85? C. The provincial capital is the little town of Malaybalay which is 800 km by air from Manila. There are only two tribes who can be considered natives of Bukidnon, the Manobos who inhabit the mountains and the Bukidnons who live in the lowlands. The Bukidnons speak the Binukid dialect while the two Manobo tribes, the Eastern and the Western Manobos, speak two different dialects namely, Eastern Minanobo and Western Minanobo. These two tribes do not understand each other. The Bukidnon in the lowlands differ from one another in accent and intonation,depending on the region where they live. The people in theMalaybalay-Kalasungay-Dalwangan area pronounce their letter d with a heavy accent. On the other hand, the Central Bukidnon people speak with a softer accent. The letter d for the Malaybalay people becomes r or l for the Central Bukidnon. Example: Central Bukidnon Malaybalay English siran sidan they rin din he, she marakol madakol many maraot madaot bad hari hadi no anlaw aldaw sun or day The Bukidnon people believe in one god, Magbabaya (the Ruler of All) who has minor gods and goddesses beneath him to do specific jobs and take care of certain things. Thus, the Bukidnon farmers pray to Ibabasok who watches over their crops and their growth in a simple ceremony at the center of the rice field. But they worship the deity Dagingon in an elaborated celebration complete with songs and dances which will last for nine nights during planting and after harvest seasons. The spirit called Bulalakaw watches the rivers and takes care of the fishermen's catch while Tumpaa Nanapiyaw or Intumbangol watches the base of the earth night and day lest it crumbles. Persons of both sexes may become baylan, religious specialists who divine the cause of illnesses, recover lost souls, and officiate at major events where the spirits are summoned. One becomes baylan by personal choice and subsequent apprenticeship to an established practitioner. Belief in multiple "souls", gimokod, some of which can leave the body temporarily, causing illness. At death, the body is wrapped in a mat and carried on a bier to the place of burial, where it is interred in a bamboo-lined grave. The spirit of the deceased is fed for a few days after burial, after which it goes to live on Mount Balatocan. The mourning period for a widow may last for a year or more. Warfare, for prestige and slaves, was common until recent decades. Although headhunting does not appear to have been practiced, there was a former existence of human sacrifice in connection with funerary practices, whereby an enemy captive was ceremonially speared to death by the relatives of the deceased, to the accompaniment of animal sacrifice and the drinking of rice beer. Warriors wore padded hemp-cloth coats, together with colorful embroidered sashes. Weapons included spears, knives, and wooden shields. Marriage in archaic Bukidnon was almost always through parental arrangement. This was very common up to the twenties. Now parental arrangement is found only among the people in the hinterland. The marriage ceremony is simple. The bride and the groom just exchange betel quids and in some cases exchange molded rice, and thus they become husband and wife. But what takes a long time is the settling of the bride price the process of which is called taltag. The bride price is called gilay. The Bukidnon people have their own musical instruments, the dayuray or dayuday, the kutyapi or kudyapi, the pulala (the bamboo flute) and the small gong called salambing. They make geometric designs on their bags, mats and baskets. They call these designs lugo. Among the many kinds of lugo are: the binabangon, the kinabuka and the binituon. They embroider on clothing too, and this process they call panulaw. The embroidered cloth is called pinanulawan. The Bukidnons are a singing people. Some of the types of their oral tradition are: 1. Olaging - epic poem 2. Sala - love song 3. Limbay - lyric poetry 4. Idangdang - ballad 5. Kaliga-on - ceremonial songs 6. Basahanan - proverbs and wise sayings 7. Antoka - riddles 8. Nanangon - folktales return to top |
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